F1-22-MKII Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings

The equipment is mounted on a free-standing framework which supports the test pipework and instrumentation. The following typical pipe fittings are incorporated for study: mitre bend, 90° elbow, swept bends (large and small radius), sudden contraction and sudden enlargement.
All are instrumented with upstream and downstream pressure tappings. These tappings are connected to a bank of 12 water manometer tubes mounted on the framework. Pressurisation of the manometers is facilitated by a hand pump. A gate valve is used to control the flow rate.
A separate gate valve is instrumented with upstream and downstream pressure tappings which are connected to a differential gauge on the edge of the framework. The gate valve can be replaced with two other valve types to further increase the experimental content. The unit stands on the working top of the hydraulics bench, which also serves as the water supply source.